Is it safe in pregnancy?

Why

Fully ripe papaya is a nourishing fruit. Unripe or semi-ripe papaya has more latex (papain), which is traditionally avoided in pregnancy. The riper it is, the gentler it is.

First trimester

Many women like to be extra careful in the first trimester and skip raw papaya completely.

In Indian homes

Raw papaya turns up in salads and some sabzis, and that's the form to be careful with. Ripe, sweet papaya as a fruit is the safer choice.

Also asked: Pineapple, Mango, Street Food

Why

Pineapple has an enzyme called bromelain, but a normal serving holds very little. You'd have to eat a lot for it to matter, so everyday portions are fine.

First trimester

Nausea may put you off it anyway. A few slices of ripe pineapple are fine. The fear that it starts labour is a myth at any amount you'd eat.

Third trimester

Still a myth: no plate of pineapple brings on labour. Heartburn from its acidity is the more likely trouble now.

In Indian homes

A few slices or a glass of fresh juice is fine. Skip the big bowl every day.

Also asked: Papaya, Mango, Banana

Why

Mango is rich in vitamins A and C and folate. It's also high in natural sugar, so keep portions sensible, especially if your doctor is watching your blood sugar.

First trimester

A good fruit if you can keep it down. Go easy on very ripe, very sweet ones if sugar makes you feel sick.

Second trimester

Enjoy the season. If a glucose test is due, a mango a day adds a lot of sugar to that result.

Third trimester

If you've been told to watch your sugars (gestational diabetes), this is the fruit to count.

In Indian homes

Wash well and enjoy it in season. If you have gestational diabetes, or are at risk of it, ask your doctor how much is right for you.

Also asked: Pineapple, Banana, Papaya

Why

They give quick energy and potassium, can settle early nausea and help with constipation. A simple, reliable choice.

Also asked: Mango, Curd / Yoghurt, Pineapple

Why

Good fibre and vitamins that help digestion and energy. Wash them well before eating.

Why

They're full of vitamin C and water, which help your immunity and keep you hydrated.

Why

A good source of vitamins. Rinse them well and keep portions modest, as they're high in natural sugar.

Why

It's mostly water with useful minerals, and great in the heat. Cut it fresh at home instead of buying it pre-cut outside.

Why

Light and full of water. Wash the rind and cut it fresh at home.

Why

Rich in fibre and vitamin C, and it helps with constipation. Wash it well.

Why

Full of nutrients that support your iron, and antioxidants. A gentle, nourishing fruit.

Why

Sweet and full of energy. Enjoy it in small amounts, as it's high in natural sugar.

Why

Nourishing and full of energy. Keep portions small because it's so sweet.

Why

Refreshing and sweet. Eat ripe ones in moderation, and not on an empty stomach.

Why

Enjoy ripe jackfruit in small amounts. There's no good reason to fear it in normal quantities.

Why

Rich in iron and natural energy, and often suggested later in pregnancy. Enjoy a few a day.

First trimester

Fine as a snack, two or three a day. They're dense in sugar.

Second trimester

Fine. A good snack for iron and fibre.

Third trimester

The one fruit with some evidence behind it: a few dates a day from 36 weeks may help your cervix get ready. Six a day is the amount studied.

Why

Good for fibre, calcium and iron, and they help digestion. Fresh figs or soaked dried ones both work.

Why

Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. Wash them well before eating.

Why

High in vitamin C and fibre, and gentle on digestion.

Why

Good fibre and water, and easy on the stomach. Wash them well.

Why

Packed with energy, iron and good fats. Keep portions sensible.

Why

Good fats, protein and vitamin E. A handful a day is lovely, and soaked almonds are easy to digest.

Why

A good source of omega-3 fats that support your baby's development. A few a day is plenty.

Why

Tasty and nourishing. Keep to a small handful, as they're high in calories.

Why

A good plant protein. Avoid them only if you have a known peanut allergy.

Why

Low in fat, and lovely roasted for a light nibble.

Why

Rich in iron and folate. Wash them very well and cook them. Great for pregnancy.

Why

Nourishing in cooked dishes like sambar. Enjoy it in normal food amounts.

Why

An everyday vegetable. Cook it properly. There's no need to avoid it.

Why

A staple carbohydrate. Balance it with vegetables and protein.

Why

Rich in vitamins. Wash them well. Fine raw in salads made at home, or cooked.

Why

Good for vitamin A and fibre. Wash and peel them before eating raw.

Why

It supports your iron levels and adds natural colour. Wash it well.

Why

Raw sprouts can carry bacteria. Steaming or cooking them lightly makes them much safer.

First trimester

Cooked sprouts are fine. Raw sprouts carry a risk of listeria and salmonella, and the first trimester is the worst time for an infection.

Why

Raw vegetables are good for you, but wash them well in clean water. Salads from outside are the main risk.

First trimester

Washed at home, they're fine. Restaurant salads are the risk (listeria, and unwashed leaves).

Why

Common edible mushrooms are fine when cooked well. Avoid wild or unfamiliar ones.

Why

Cook until both the white and the yolk are firm. Avoid runny or raw eggs.

First trimester

Well cooked, with no runny yolk. A good protein when little else appeals.

Why

A good protein. Cook it right through until no pink is left.

Why

A good source of iron. Cook it through and keep portions reasonable, as it's heavy.

Why

Low-mercury fish like rohu are good for your baby's development. Limit large fish such as king mackerel and shark.

First trimester

Cooked fish is a good food now. Choose small fish (rohu, pomfret, sardines) and avoid the big predators (shark, swordfish, king mackerel).

Second trimester

Two servings a week of cooked, low-mercury fish is ideal for your baby's brain.

Third trimester

Same. Well cooked, never raw or smoked.

Why

Fully cooked prawns and shrimp are fine. Avoid raw or undercooked seafood.

Why

Shark, swordfish and king mackerel can be high in mercury, so choose smaller fish instead. If you've already had some, one meal is unlikely to be a problem. Switch to smaller fish from now on.

Why

Raw seafood can carry bacteria and parasites. Cooked or vegetarian sushi is a safer choice. If you've already had some, it's rarely a problem. Tell your doctor if you get a fever, vomiting or diarrhoea.

Why

It can carry infections like toxoplasma, so always cook meat right through. If you've already eaten some, most of the time nothing comes of it. Tell your doctor if you get a fever or flu-like aches in the weeks after.

Why

Ready-to-eat cold meats can carry listeria. Heating them right through makes them safer.

First trimester

Avoid cold cuts unless they're heated until steaming, because of listeria.

Why

The worry with some soft cheeses is listeria, a germ that can grow in unpasteurised dairy. Paneer from pasteurised milk, cooked or freshly made, avoids that.

In Indian homes

Branded paneer and most home-made paneer use pasteurised milk. If you're not sure, cook it (paneer bhurji, palak paneer) instead of eating it raw.

Also asked: Curd / Yoghurt, Milk, Street Food

Why

Made from pasteurised milk, it gives you calcium and protein, and its probiotics can help digestion. Set curd at home or buy packaged dahi.

Also asked: Paneer, Milk, Banana

Why

A good source of calcium and protein. Choose pasteurised or boiled milk.

Why

Cheddar and processed cheese are safe. Avoid mould-ripened or unpasteurised soft cheeses.

First trimester

Hard cheeses and processed cheese are fine. Soft, mould-ripened cheeses (brie, camembert) and unpasteurised ones carry the listeria risk.

Why

Everyday cooking fats, fine in your food. Keep the quantity sensible.

Why

A staple plant protein with fibre and iron. Eat as much as you like.

Why

A useful protein in tofu, soya chunks or soya milk. Keep to normal food amounts.

Why

Beans and chickpeas give you protein, fibre and iron. Soak and cook them well.

Why

High in fibre, they help digestion and keep you full. Have them with milk and fruit.

Why

Easy to digest, and it can be made rich in iron. A gentle everyday option.

Why

A gentle source of energy, popular during fasts. Cook it well.

Why

Refined flour has little fibre. Balance it with whole grains and vegetables.

Why

Chocolate has a little caffeine, so it counts towards your daily caffeine total. A few squares are a nice treat. Keep the overall amount sensible.

Also asked: Coffee, Tea / Chai

Why

The well-known honey warning is for babies under one year, not for you. An adult's gut handles honey normally. It's still sugar, so keep an eye on the amount.

Also asked: Chocolate, Tea / Chai, Ginger

Why

Khoya sweets are fine now and then if they're fresh and clean. The worries are adulteration, freshness and sugar.

Third trimester

For many women, festival season and the last trimester overlap. If your sugars are being watched, have one piece, not the box.

Why

Low in nutrition and high in salt. Have them once in a while, ideally with added vegetables and an egg.

Why

Tasty but oily. Enjoy them occasionally, ideally freshly made and clean.

Why

It adds flavour but is very high in salt and oil. A little is okay.

First trimester

Craving achar is very common. A spoonful is fine. The salt is what to watch.

Third trimester

If you've been told to watch your blood pressure or swelling, achar is one of the biggest sources of salt on your plate.

Why

It's often chosen over white sugar and may help your iron a little. It's still sugar, so keep it moderate.

Why

Enjoy sweet things in small amounts. Too much adds empty calories and affects your blood sugar.

Second trimester

A glucose tolerance test is usually done between 24 and 28 weeks. Don't cut sugar in the days before to pass it. It needs a true reading.

Third trimester

If you have gestational diabetes, your dietitian's plan comes before anything on this page.

Why

A traditional tonic that's usually okay. Check with your doctor if you're unsure about the ingredients.

First trimester

It has many herbs and sugar. Skip it in the first trimester unless an Ayurvedic doctor and your obstetrician both agree.

Why

Ginger is one of the better-studied natural remedies for morning sickness. The amounts used in cooking and tea are considered safe. You don't need large supplement doses.

First trimester

This is when it helps most. Ginger tea, ginger candy or a little fresh ginger settles nausea for many women.

Second trimester

Fine in cooking and chai. You don't need very large amounts, like supplements.

Third trimester

Fine in food. It can make heartburn worse, so go by how you feel.

In Indian homes

Adrak in your chai, or a little ginger and honey in warm water, is a gentle, traditional way to settle queasiness.

Also asked: Honey, Tea / Chai, Banana

Why

Saffron in milk, in tiny cooking amounts, is fine. There's no need for large quantities.

First trimester

A pinch in milk is a tradition. In the first trimester most doctors say a small pinch and no more, because large amounts stimulate the uterus.

Second trimester

A pinch in milk at bedtime is fine. The belief that it makes a baby fair has no basis, but the relaxation is real.

Third trimester

A pinch is fine. Don't take it as a supplement in larger amounts.

Why

Turmeric in cooking and a cup of haldi milk are fine. Avoid very large supplement doses.

Why

Normal cooking amounts of jeera, dhania, ajwain, hing and garlic are fine. Only very large medicinal doses are worth avoiding.

Why

You need some salt, but a lot can worsen swelling and blood pressure. Use iodised salt.

Third trimester

If your blood pressure is being watched, salt is the one thing on the table to cut: pickle, papad, packaged snacks.

Why

It won't harm your baby. It may worsen heartburn for some women, so go by what feels comfortable.

Why

Pregnancy lowers your defence against food infections. Hot food, freshly cooked at a busy, clean stall, is far safer than anything left out, raw, or rinsed in tap water.

First trimester

Nausea often decides for you. If you do eat out, choose hot, freshly fried food from a stall you trust.

Second trimester

Freshly cooked and hot, from a busy stall. Skip chutneys, cut fruit and pani that have been sitting out.

Third trimester

Same rules. A stomach infection in the last weeks can bring on early labour.

In Indian homes

The usual culprits are golgappa or pani puri water, cut fruit, and chutneys made with unfiltered water. Piping-hot tikki or dosa, freshly made, is lower risk.

Also asked: Papaya, Paneer, Water (how much)

Why

Put them in the fridge soon and reheat until piping hot. Avoid food that's been left out for long.

First trimester

Reheat until steaming hot, and eat within a day. The nausea months are a bad time for a stomach infection.

Why

The usual advice is to keep your total caffeine under roughly 200mg a day. It adds up across coffee, tea, cola and chocolate, not coffee alone.

First trimester

Many women go off coffee in the first trimester. If you do, go with it.

Second trimester

One cup a day is the usual limit. Tea, cola and chocolate count towards it.

Third trimester

Caffeine late in the day can cost you sleep that's already hard to get. Keep it to the morning.

In Indian homes

A strong South Indian filter coffee can have more caffeine than you'd think. One a day is a sensible limit.

Also asked: Tea / Chai, Green Tea, Soft Drinks / Soda

Why

Tea has less caffeine than coffee, but it still counts towards your roughly 200mg daily limit. Two to three cups of normal chai is generally fine.

First trimester

Ginger chai helps some women with nausea. Two cups a day is a sensible limit, counting any coffee.

Second trimester

Two cups a day, and not with your iron tablet. Tea blocks iron absorption for about an hour.

Third trimester

The same two cups, earlier in the day. It's kinder to your heartburn and your sleep.

In Indian homes

Doodh wali chai counts too. Some herbal teas aren't recommended in pregnancy, so check before you switch to a new one.

Also asked: Coffee, Green Tea, Ginger

Why

Green tea has caffeine, and in large amounts it can get in the way of how your body uses folate, which matters early in pregnancy. A cup or two is fine. Many cups a day is not.

First trimester

It counts towards your daily caffeine. Have one cup, and not with your folic acid, as green tea can lower how much you absorb.

Also asked: Tea / Chai, Coffee, Folic Acid

Why

It has very little caffeine, so it's gentle. A nice swap if you miss your coffee.

Why

Some herbs aren't advised in pregnancy. Ginger and other mild teas are usually fine, but check the blend.

Why

Aim for roughly 8 to 10 glasses a day, more in the heat or if you're active. Good hydration helps with constipation, swelling and those common Braxton Hicks tightenings.

Also asked: Coconut Water, Buttermilk, Street Food

Why

It's mostly water with natural electrolytes, so it keeps you hydrated and can soothe a queasy stomach. Fresh is best.

First trimester

A gentle drink when nausea makes water hard to get down. Sip it through the day.

Third trimester

Good for swelling and cramps. It's a natural source of potassium.

In Indian homes

Nariyal paani is widely recommended. Drink it fresh from a tender coconut, not a sugary packaged one.

Also asked: Water (how much), Buttermilk, Soft Drinks / Soda

Why

Made from curd, it gives you calcium and probiotics, helps with acidity and keeps you hydrated. It's light and easy on the stomach.

In Indian homes

Chaas with a little jeera and pudina is a lovely everyday drink, especially in summer.

Also asked: Curd / Yoghurt, Coconut Water, Water (how much)

Why

A probiotic, calcium-rich drink, sweet or salted, made cleanly.

Why

It keeps you hydrated and can ease nausea. A lovely everyday drink.

Why

It keeps you hydrated and helps in the heat. Make it fresh and clean.

Why

A cumin drink that can settle your stomach. Make it cleanly.

Why

Milk with almonds gives you calcium and good fats. Lovely warm or cold.

Why

Useful in the heat, with vomiting or when you feel weak. Use standard ORS as directed.

Why

A great way to get fruit, curd and nuts. Make them fresh and clean.

Why

Made with pasteurised milk and fruit, it's nourishing. Go easy on added sugar.

Why

Drink it fresh and cleanly made. Whole fruit is even better, for the fibre.

Why

It's high in sugar and low in fibre. Fresh fruit or fresh juice is better.

Why

Refreshing and full of energy. The worry is roadside hygiene, so choose a clean, fresh source.

First trimester

Only from a stall you trust, with a machine that looks clean. The hygiene is the issue, not the cane.

Second trimester

Same hygiene rule. If a glucose test is due, it's a big sugar load the day before.

Third trimester

If you have gestational diabetes, skip this one. A glass is a lot of sugar at once.

Why

Alcohol crosses the placenta to your baby, and no safe amount or safe time has been found. The clear advice is to avoid it completely. Many women have a drink before they know they're pregnant. That's rarely a problem. Stop now, and tell your doctor at your next visit.

First trimester

No safe amount, and the first trimester is when your baby is most vulnerable. A drink before you knew is rarely a problem: stop now and tell your doctor.

Second trimester

No safe amount.

Third trimester

No safe amount.

Also asked: Coffee, Soft Drinks / Soda

Why

Colas add caffeine to your daily total, and most soft drinks are very sugary with little benefit. Fine as an occasional treat, not as an everyday drink.

Second trimester

Cola counts towards caffeine. The sugar matters more as your glucose test gets closer.

Third trimester

If you have gestational diabetes, a regular cola is off the list.

Also asked: Coffee, Coconut Water, Water (how much)

Why

Artificial sweeteners are generally considered fine in small amounts, but these drinks add little.

Why

They're high in caffeine and stimulants that aren't recommended in pregnancy. If you've had one, it's unlikely to be a problem. Switch to water, lemon water or coconut water from now on.

First trimester

Avoid them. The caffeine in one can alone can go over the daily limit.

Why

It's fermented, sometimes unpasteurised and slightly alcoholic, so it's safer to skip. If you've had a glass, it's rarely a problem. Leave it for now.

First trimester

Avoid it: it's unpasteurised and contains a little alcohol.

Why

It's the most widely used pain and fever medicine in pregnancy and is usually preferred over the others. Still, take it only when you need it, and tell your doctor if you're taking it often.

First trimester

The one painkiller considered safe at every stage. Take the usual dose for the shortest time. A fever is a reason to call your doctor, not only to treat it.

Second trimester

Same: the usual dose, for the shortest time.

Third trimester

Same. If you need it every day for headaches, tell your doctor. Headaches with swelling need checking.

Also asked: Ibuprofen, Combiflam, Antibiotics

Why

Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory (NSAID) that's usually not recommended in pregnancy, especially later on. Paracetamol is normally suggested instead.

First trimester

Avoid it. There's a small link to miscarriage in early pregnancy. Take paracetamol instead.

Second trimester

Avoid it unless your doctor prescribes it for a specific reason.

Third trimester

In the third trimester it's best avoided completely, because it can affect the baby. Don't take it without your doctor.

Also asked: Paracetamol (Crocin / Dolo), Combiflam, Aspirin

Why

Combiflam mixes paracetamol with ibuprofen, and ibuprofen is the part usually avoided in pregnancy. For fever or pain, plain paracetamol is the safer first choice.

First trimester

Avoid it: it contains ibuprofen. Take plain paracetamol instead.

Second trimester

Avoid it unless it's prescribed.

Third trimester

Avoid it completely. The ibuprofen in it is unsafe after 30 weeks.

Also asked: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol (Crocin / Dolo), Aspirin

Why

Low-dose aspirin is sometimes prescribed in pregnancy, but never start it yourself.

First trimester

Never on your own. A low dose is prescribed to some women from 12 weeks to lower the risk of pre-eclampsia. That's your doctor's decision.

Second trimester

If you were started on low-dose aspirin, keep taking it as prescribed. Don't add regular aspirin for pain.

Third trimester

Your doctor will tell you when to stop the low dose, usually around 36 weeks. Never full-dose aspirin.

Why

They're anti-inflammatories that usually aren't advised, especially later on. Paracetamol is preferred.

First trimester

Avoid them. Take paracetamol instead.

Second trimester

Avoid them unless your doctor prescribes them for a specific reason.

Third trimester

Avoid them completely in the last trimester.

Why

Colds are common in pregnancy and don't harm your baby. What helps: rest, plenty of warm fluids, steam, saline nose drops, and honey in warm water for a sore throat. Paracetamol is fine for aches or a fever. Many cold and flu tablets mix a decongestant with other medicines, so ask your doctor before you buy one. Call your doctor the same day if you have a fever of 38°C or more, trouble breathing, or you're no better after a week.

First trimester

Decongestant tablets are best avoided in the first trimester. Steam, saline drops and rest come first.

Second trimester

Same care. Ask your doctor which cold medicine they prefer, if you need one.

Third trimester

Same. A blocked nose is common late in pregnancy even without a cold, and a saline spray helps.

In Indian homes

Haldi doodh, adrak and tulsi chai, and steam over a bowl of hot water are the usual home remedies, and all are fine. Skip a kadha packed with many herbs unless your doctor agrees.

Also asked: Paracetamol (Crocin / Dolo), Throat Lozenges, Vicks / Balm, Cough Syrup, Antihistamines (Cetirizine)

Why

Some antihistamines are used in pregnancy, but check the choice and the dose with your doctor.

First trimester

Most doctors prefer to avoid anything that isn't essential in the first twelve weeks. If your allergies are bad, ask which antihistamine they prefer.

Second trimester

Cetirizine and loratadine are the ones usually chosen when needed, if your doctor agrees.

Third trimester

Same. Ask before any new medicine.

Why

Some contain ingredients best avoided in pregnancy. Your doctor can suggest a safe one.

First trimester

Most syrups have ingredients best avoided. Try honey, warm water and steam first, and ask before buying any syrup.

Second trimester

Same. Some plain syrups are considered fine, and your doctor knows which.

Third trimester

Same.

Why

Simple menthol or honey-lemon lozenges are okay for a sore throat. Ask before using medicated ones.

Why

Rubbed on the skin or used in steam, they're usually okay. Don't swallow them.

First trimester

Fine on your chest and under your nose. Keep it off broken skin.

Why

It depends on which antibiotic. Several are used safely in pregnancy and a few are avoided. Never choose one yourself, and never reuse an old strip from the cupboard.

Also asked: Paracetamol (Crocin / Dolo), Combiflam

Why

Antacids based on calcium or magnesium are commonly used. Follow the label, and ask your doctor if you need them often.

First trimester

Fine when needed. Heartburn is less common this early, so ask whether your nausea needs its own treatment.

Second trimester

Fine. The calcium-based ones give you a little calcium too. Check the label for aluminium and avoid those.

Third trimester

Heartburn peaks now and antacids help a lot. If you need them all day, every day, ask about a prescription option.

Why

They're sometimes used in pregnancy. Take them on medical advice, not on your own.

Third trimester

Prescribed for severe heartburn when antacids stop working. On prescription, they're fine.

Why

Medicines like ondansetron are used for severe vomiting, but only on medical advice.

First trimester

Prescribed for severe nausea when nothing else works. There's a small debate about it in the first trimester, so it's your doctor's call, not the chemist's.

Why

A common option doctors prescribe for nausea, often with vitamin B6. Take it as directed.

First trimester

The usual first prescription for morning sickness, taken at night. Considered safe, on prescription.

Why

Fibre, water and isabgol help constipation. Stronger laxatives need medical advice.

First trimester

Isabgol and more water first. Stimulant laxatives aren't the first choice.

Second trimester

Same. Iron tablets are the usual cause, and a different brand can help.

Third trimester

Same. Ask for a stool softener if the gentle options aren't enough.

Why

A gentle fibre that eases constipation. Take it with plenty of water.

Second trimester

Fine, with a full glass of water. Constipation from iron tablets is common now.

Third trimester

Fine. It's the gentlest option for late-pregnancy constipation.

Why

Curd and probiotic supplements can help digestion. Choose a trusted brand.

First trimester

Curd is the easiest probiotic. Capsules are fine if you prefer them.

Why

Some deworming medicines are put off in pregnancy. Let your doctor decide the timing.

First trimester

Not in the first trimester unless your doctor specifically prescribes it.

Second trimester

Where worms are common, the national programme gives a single dose of albendazole after the first trimester. Your doctor decides.

Third trimester

Same. Only if prescribed.

Why

Many creams are used on the skin in pregnancy, but check that the one you have is suitable.

First trimester

Creams for thrush and fungal patches are generally fine on the skin. Tablets are not. Ask which cream.

Why

It helps your baby's brain and spine form early on, which is why it's advised from before conception through early pregnancy. It's one of the few things you're actively encouraged to take.

First trimester

It matters most in the first trimester, and ideally before. Please don't skip it.

Second trimester

Keep taking it. Most pregnancy tablets include it.

Third trimester

Keep taking it as part of your pregnancy tablet. There's no reason to stop.

Also asked: Iron Supplements, Calcium Supplements, Vitamin D

Why

Your blood volume rises in pregnancy, so you need more iron, and many women are advised a supplement. It can cause constipation. Water and fibre help.

First trimester

Iron often makes nausea worse. If it does, ask about taking it at night or starting after 12 weeks.

Second trimester

Most women start a daily iron tablet now. Take it with vitamin C, not with tea, milk or calcium.

Third trimester

Keep taking it. The blood test around 28 weeks tells your doctor whether the dose needs changing.

Also asked: Folic Acid, Calcium Supplements, Vitamin D

Why

It builds your baby's bones and teeth and protects your own stores. It's usually taken at a different time of day from iron, because the two compete to be absorbed.

First trimester

Not usually needed yet. Food like milk, curd, ragi and sesame covers it. If your doctor prescribes it, take it apart from iron.

Second trimester

Often started now, as your baby's bones build. Take it two hours apart from your iron tablet.

Third trimester

Keep taking it. It also helps with the leg cramps that are common now.

Also asked: Iron Supplements, Folic Acid, Vitamin D

Why

It helps your body absorb calcium and keeps bones healthy, yours and your baby's. Many people are a little low in it, so it's often prescribed.

Also asked: Calcium Supplements, Folic Acid, Iron Supplements

Why

It helps your immunity and iron absorption. Avoid very high supplement doses unless you're advised to take them.

Why

Take a pregnancy-specific multivitamin as advised. Don't stack extra high-dose vitamins on top.

Why

They support your baby's brain and eyes. Take a pregnancy-safe one as advised.

First trimester

Fine, and useful. Choose a fish-oil capsule purified of mercury, or an algae one.

Second trimester

Your baby's brain grows fastest from now, so this is when DHA matters most.

Third trimester

Keep taking it. Some doctors stop it near your due date, so ask yours.

Why

It's important for you and your baby, especially if you're vegetarian. Take it as advised.

Why

Thyroid tablets are important and usually continued in pregnancy. Your doctor will adjust the dose.

First trimester

Never stop it. Your baby depends on your thyroid hormone in the first weeks. Most women need a higher dose now, so get your level checked as soon as you know you're pregnant.

Second trimester

Keep taking it. Levels are usually checked each trimester.

Third trimester

Keep taking it. The dose often goes back to your pre-pregnancy dose after birth.

Why

Some BP medicines are switched in pregnancy. Your doctor will choose a safe one and adjust it.

First trimester

Some blood pressure medicines are switched for pregnancy-safe ones, so tell your doctor as soon as you know you're pregnant. Never stop on your own.

Second trimester

Keep taking what was prescribed. Your blood pressure is checked at every visit.

Third trimester

Same. Report headaches, changes in your vision or sudden swelling the same day.

Why

It doesn't cross to your baby and is the usual treatment when needed. Take it as prescribed.

First trimester

Insulin is the standard, safe treatment for diabetes in pregnancy. Doses often need adjusting from the first weeks.

Second trimester

Needs usually rise through the second trimester. Your doctor adjusts the dose.

Third trimester

Needs rise most now, then drop sharply after birth.

Why

Tetanus (TT/Tdap), flu and COVID vaccination are advised in pregnancy. In India, most women get two doses of the tetanus vaccine (now usually Td, which adds diphtheria), four weeks apart, or one booster if they had both doses in a pregnancy in the last three years. The flu vaccine is safe in any trimester, so ask about it at your next visit. The protection from the flu and whooping cough vaccines also passes to your baby for the first months. Your doctor sets your schedule.

First trimester

The flu vaccine is recommended in any trimester. Live vaccines (MMR, chickenpox) aren't given in pregnancy.

Second trimester

The flu vaccine at any time. The Tdap (whooping cough) shot is given between 27 and 36 weeks, and TT as your doctor schedules it.

Third trimester

Tdap now if you haven't had it yet, so your baby is born with some protection against whooping cough.

Why

Most sedatives aren't recommended. Talk to your doctor about safe ways to sleep better.

First trimester

Avoid them. The nausea and worry that steal your sleep have safer fixes. Ask before taking anything.

Third trimester

Sleeplessness late in pregnancy is normal. A pillow between your knees and a lighter evening meal work better than any tablet. Ask before taking anything.

Why

This herb is traditionally not advised in pregnancy. Skip it unless your doctor says otherwise.

First trimester

Avoid it. It's traditionally not given in pregnancy and there's no safety data. This is the trimester it matters most.

Second trimester

Avoid.

Third trimester

Avoid.

Why

Natural doesn't always mean safe in pregnancy, and product quality varies. Check first.

Why

If you use homeopathy, let your doctor know. Don't stop prescribed medicines for it.

Why

Flying doesn't harm a low-risk pregnancy. On long flights, walk and stretch, drink water, and wear your seatbelt low under your bump. Always check with your doctor before you travel. Later in pregnancy, Indian airlines ask for a letter from your doctor saying you're fit to fly. Each airline sets its own rules on how recent the letter must be and the last week you can fly, so check when you book.

First trimester

Flying is safe once the pregnancy is settled. If you're bleeding or in pain, or have had a threatened miscarriage, ask your doctor before you book.

Second trimester

Usually the easiest time to travel. Nausea has settled and your bump is still easy to manage.

Third trimester

Many airlines don't allow travel after about 36 weeks and may ask for a doctor's note. Check before you book.

Also asked: Long Road / Train Travel, Walking, Water (how much)

Why

Sitting for hours can make your legs swell and feel stiff. Stop every couple of hours, walk a little, drink water, and keep the seatbelt below your bump. Avoid very bumpy roads late in pregnancy.

First trimester

Fine if you feel up to it. Stop every two hours, and carry snacks for the nausea.

Second trimester

The easiest trimester to travel in. Stop to stretch and walk every two hours.

Third trimester

Stay within reach of your hospital in the last month. Carry your file and your doctor's number.

In Indian homes

On a train, book a lower berth and walk the corridor now and then. Carry your pregnancy file, your scan reports, water and snacks. If you're going to your mother's place for the birth, travel before the last month, and meet a doctor there early so they know your history.

Also asked: Flight Travel, Walking, Water (how much)

Why

Safe in an uncomplicated pregnancy. Keep the seatbelt low under your bump and take breaks on long drives.

First trimester

Fine, with the belt low under your bump.

Second trimester

Fine. The lap belt goes under your bump and the shoulder belt between your breasts.

Third trimester

Fine until it's hard to reach the wheel comfortably. Many women stop in the last month. If you're in any accident, however small, get checked.

Why

Travel as usual. Ask for a seat, hold on firmly, and avoid the busiest rush hours if you can.

Why

They do no special harm, but keep your distance in flu season and wash your hands often.

First trimester

Infections are the concern (flu, rubella, chickenpox in the first trimester). A mask in crowds is sensible.

Third trimester

Crowds are tiring, and a knock to your belly is a real risk. Keep visits short.

Why

Sudden jolts and forces are best avoided. Gentle rides without big drops are a safer choice.

First trimester

Avoid them. The sudden stops and jolts are the concern at every stage.

Second trimester

Avoid.

Third trimester

Avoid.

Why

Yoga helps flexibility, breathing and calm, and can ease back pain. Choose a pregnancy class or teacher, skip strong tummy and twisting poses, and never push into discomfort.

First trimester

Gentle pregnancy yoga is fine. Skip hot yoga, deep twists and anything that strains your belly.

Second trimester

The best time for it. Pregnancy classes only, and no long holds lying flat on your back.

Third trimester

Slower and shorter. No upside-down poses, no lying flat on your back, and stop at any dizziness or tightening.

Also asked: Walking, Swimming, Sleeping On Your Back

Why

The water takes the weight off your joints and back while it works your whole body gently. Avoid diving, very hot pools and slippery edges.

First trimester

Fine, and gentle when you feel sick and tired. Choose a clean pool.

Second trimester

One of the best exercises now. The water takes the weight off your back.

Third trimester

Still good, as long as your waters haven't broken. Once they break, no pools.

Also asked: Walking, Yoga

Why

It's gentle cardio that helps your mood, sleep, digestion and stamina for labour, with almost no downside. Comfortable shoes and a steady pace are all you need.

Third trimester

Keep walking, shorter and slower. It helps your baby settle head-down and eases last-month stiffness.

Also asked: Yoga, Swimming, Lifting Heavy Things

Why

Your balance changes as your bump grows, so many women switch to a stationary bike later. Avoid busy traffic and falls.

First trimester

A stationary bike is safer than the road at every stage. On the road, only if you were a confident rider before.

Second trimester

Your balance starts to change as your bump grows. A stationary bike carries no risk of a fall.

Third trimester

Stationary only. A fall this late lands on your bump.

Why

Carry on gently if you're used to it. Stop if you feel pain, dizziness or pressure, and drink plenty of water.

First trimester

If you ran before pregnancy, you can usually carry on at an easier pace. Don't start now.

Second trimester

Ease your pace and distance. Your ligaments loosen and your joints are less stable.

Third trimester

Most runners switch to walking now. Your balance shifts and your bump changes your stride.

Why

Light dancing is great. Avoid jumps, spins and falls, especially later on.

First trimester

Fine at an easy pace. Skip jumps and spins if you feel dizzy.

Second trimester

Fine, and the best trimester for it. No jumping, no lifts.

Third trimester

Slow dancing is fine. Anything with jumps or spins is not.

Why

Light strength and cardio are fine if you're used to them. Avoid heavy weights, lying flat later on, and overheating.

First trimester

Weights you already lift, but lighter. No new programme and no holding your breath.

Second trimester

Lighter weights, more reps, and no exercises lying flat on your back.

Third trimester

Lighter still, seated where you can, and stop at any dizziness. Squats and pelvic floor work are the useful ones now.

Why

Gentle walks in nature are lovely. Avoid steep, slippery routes, high altitude and getting exhausted.

First trimester

Easy trails only, at heights you're used to. Skip it if you feel faint or sick.

Second trimester

Gentle, low-altitude trails, with company. Your balance and stamina both change.

Third trimester

Not now. A fall, or being far from help, is the risk.

Why

Use the railing and take your time. There's no need to avoid stairs in a normal pregnancy.

Third trimester

Fine, but hold the rail. Your balance changes in the last weeks and a fall matters more.

Why

Pregnancy hormones loosen your ligaments and your balance shifts, so heavy or awkward lifting puts your back at more risk than your baby. Bend at the knees, hold things close and ask for help with heavy things.

First trimester

Ordinary loads are fine. Let any strain you feel be your guide. Bend at the knees.

Second trimester

Keep it below what you could lift easily before. Ask for help with heavy things.

Third trimester

Take extra care now. Your centre of gravity is well forward, so it's easier to strain.

Also asked: Walking, Yoga, Sleeping On Your Back

Why

Standing for hours can cause swelling and backache. Sit, move and put your feet up when you can.

Second trimester

Shift your weight and sit when you can. Standing still for hours pools blood in your legs.

Third trimester

Long standing brings swelling and can raise blood pressure. Sit with your feet up every hour if you can.

Why

Everyday chores are good light activity. Avoid heavy lifting, strong chemicals and standing on stools.

First trimester

Fine. Your tiredness is the limit, not the work.

Second trimester

Fine. Avoid climbing up to high shelves.

Third trimester

Fine, in short stretches. Skip mopping on your hands and knees if it strains your back, and no ladders.

Why

Hot yoga and Bikram classes are held in rooms heated close to 40°C. Overheating is the concern in pregnancy, especially early on, and it's hard to cool down in that heat. Ordinary pregnancy yoga in a cool, airy room gives you the same stretch and calm.

First trimester

Avoid it. Overheating in the first weeks is the main concern.

Second trimester

Still avoid. Move to a pregnancy yoga class in a normal room.

Third trimester

Still avoid. Gentle stretches and breathing at home are enough now.

Also asked: Yoga, Swimming, Walking

Why

Very little dye is absorbed through your scalp, so the risk is considered small. To be extra careful, some women wait until after the first trimester, choose gentler formulas and keep the room airy.

First trimester

Many women wait until after the first trimester, just for peace of mind.

Second trimester

Fine in an airy room. Highlights and ammonia-free colours keep the dye off your scalp.

Third trimester

Fine, with the same care. Skip it if the smell makes you sick.

In Indian homes

Natural henna (mehndi) is a popular, gentler way to colour your hair. Patch-test it first, and avoid 'black henna', which can contain harsh chemicals.

Also asked: Waxing, Keratin / Straightening, Nail Polish

Why

It does your baby no harm. Hormones can make your skin more sensitive and quick to redden, so patch-test new products and tell your salon you're pregnant.

Third trimester

Your skin is more sensitive now and it's hard to see past your bump, so a salon is easier than doing it yourself.

Also asked: Hair Colour / Dye, Nail Polish

Why

The exposure from painting your nails is tiny. Keep a window open or a fan on so you're not breathing in the fumes, and that's all you need.

Also asked: Hair Colour / Dye, Waxing

Why

These treatments can contain strong chemicals like formaldehyde, so many women wait until after pregnancy.

Why

A basic facial is relaxing. Avoid harsh peels, strong actives and electrical treatments unless you've checked first.

Third trimester

Fine. Your skin can be more sensitive and pigmented now, so ask for a gentle routine and skip any peel.

Why

Mild peels may be okay, but stronger acids are often put off. Check first.

Why

They're elective and there's little safety data, so most doctors advise waiting until after the birth.

Why

It isn't known to be harmful, but your skin is more sensitive and it can wait, so most women wait.

First trimester

Most clinics won't treat you in pregnancy, and your skin reacts differently now. Wait.

Second trimester

Same: most clinics wait until after birth. Try waxing or shaving instead.

Third trimester

Same.

Why

Enjoy it. Choose a clean salon with good airflow, and ask for a gentle calf massage instead of strong pressure points.

Why

Normal cosmetics are safe. Take them off before bed, and patch-test new products, as your skin can be more sensitive.

Why

It protects skin that darkens more easily now. Mineral sunscreen (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) is the gentlest. Some women prefer to limit chemical filters like oxybenzone, which is why the ingredient checker marks those as limit.

Why

Retinoid creams are usually advised against in pregnancy. Switch to gentler skincare. If you used one before you knew you were pregnant, stop now and mention it to your doctor.

First trimester

Stop as soon as you know you're pregnant. Retinoids are the one skincare ingredient with a clear link to birth defects.

Second trimester

Still avoid.

Third trimester

Still avoid, until you've finished breastfeeding.

Why

It's safe to wear. You may just find heavy fragrances hard to bear early on.

Why

A traditional, relaxing routine. A gentle champi is fine.

Why

The main worries are infection and the unknowns, so most women wait until after pregnancy.

First trimester

Wait. The concern is infection from the needle, and there's no safety standard for ink in pregnancy. Mehndi (natural henna) is fine.

Second trimester

Same. Even a small risk of infection is worth avoiding now.

Third trimester

Same. Also avoid a lower-back tattoo in the last weeks. Some anaesthetists won't place an epidural through fresh ink.

Why

Generally low risk. Choose an airy salon, and know that your nails may be checked during labour.

Why

Your balance and posture change in pregnancy. Flats or small heels lower the risk of falls and backache.

Second trimester

Go lower as your balance changes. A fall is the risk, not the shoe.

Third trimester

Flat or nearly flat. Swollen feet and a shifted centre of gravity make it easy to fall in heels.

Why

Very tight clothes can feel uncomfortable and slow your circulation. Soft, roomy fits feel better.

Why

Very little of the cream gets through your skin, so it isn't thought to harm your baby. The trouble is your skin: pregnancy can make it sensitive, and the smell can set off nausea. Patch-test a small area 24 hours before, follow the timing on the pack, and keep it off the bikini area and any broken or irritated skin.

First trimester

Fine if the smell doesn't bother you. If it makes you queasy, shaving or threading is easier for now.

Second trimester

Fine, with a patch test first. Use it in an airy room.

Third trimester

Fine, but reaching your legs gets hard. Waxing at a salon, or shaving, is often easier now.

In Indian homes

Most women use the creams sold at any chemist. Threading and waxing at the parlour are gentle, familiar options that need no chemicals at all.

Also asked: Waxing, Laser Hair Removal, Pedicure / Manicure

Why

Dengue, malaria and chikungunya are risky in pregnancy, so protection matters. Creams and roll-ons used as directed are considered fine. Air out the room if you use liquid vaporisers or coils.

In Indian homes

This matters most in the monsoon. Creams, patches and nets are better than breathing coil or All Out fumes in a closed room.

Also asked: Dental Treatment, X-Ray

Why

Staying cool and comfortable is good for you. Just avoid sitting in a cold draught for long.

Why

Now and then is fine. Avoid breathing heavy smoke in a closed room for long.

First trimester

If the smoke makes your nausea worse, open a window or skip it.

Why

Wear gloves, open the windows and never mix products, especially bleach with toilet cleaners. Switch to milder ones where you can: soap and water, diluted vinegar or baking soda do most jobs. Leave drain openers, oven cleaners and strong sprays to someone else.

First trimester

If strong smells make you sick, this is a good time to hand the bathroom cleaning to someone else.

Why

Brief exposure is unlikely to harm, but avoid painting jobs and strong solvent fumes in closed rooms.

First trimester

Leave the painting to someone else in the first trimester. Solvent fumes are the concern while your baby's organs are forming.

Second trimester

Water-based paint in an airy room is fine. Skip oil paints and strippers, and let someone else paint the nursery.

Third trimester

Same, and don't climb ladders.

Why

Stay away while spraying happens, and from treated areas. Choose safer pest control and air the room well.

Why

The concern is toxoplasma from cat poo (faeces), so let someone else clean the litter, and wash your hands well.

First trimester

Toxoplasmosis is the concern, and it matters most in the first trimester. Let someone else change the litter, or wear gloves and wash your hands.

Second trimester

Same rule. Stroking your cat is fine.

Third trimester

Same.

Why

Pets are lovely company. Wash your hands, and keep their vaccinations and hygiene up to date.

Why

Soil can carry toxoplasma, so wear gloves and wash your hands well afterwards.

First trimester

Gloves on, and wash your hands after. Soil can carry toxoplasma.

Second trimester

Same, and no heavy digging.

Third trimester

Gloves, no bending for long, and no ladders.

Why

There's no evidence that everyday phone use or microwaves harm your baby. Just rest your neck and eyes now and then.

Third trimester

Fine at every stage. Late-night scrolling can cost you sleep, but the phone does your baby no harm.

Why

Avoid very hot baths that raise your body temperature. Keep the water comfortably warm.

First trimester

Warm, not hot. If the water makes you flush or feel dizzy, it's too hot. Keep baths short.

Second trimester

A warm bath is fine and eases back pain. Not a scalding one.

Third trimester

Warm baths are fine. Get in and out carefully, and not once your waters have broken.

Why

Milk, oats or a little rose water in a warm bath is gentle on dry, itchy skin. The things to watch are the heat and a slippery tub. Keep the water comfortably warm, get in and out slowly, and skip strong essential oils or heavily perfumed bath bombs.

First trimester

Warm, not hot, and keep it short. Overheating matters most in these weeks.

Second trimester

Fine, and soothing for itchy skin as your bump stretches.

Third trimester

Fine, with care getting in and out. No baths once your waters have broken.

In Indian homes

A little besan or haldi mixed with milk, the old ubtan way, is gentle too. Patch-test anything new, as your skin can react more easily now.

Also asked: Very Hot Bath, Sauna / Hot Tub, Massage

Why

Saunas, steam rooms and hot tubs can raise your body temperature too much, especially early on. A warm (not hot) bath or shower is the comfortable, safe choice.

First trimester

This is the trimester to be strictest, because overheating in the first weeks is the concern. No saunas or hot tubs.

Second trimester

Still avoid. A warm bath is fine. A sauna isn't.

Third trimester

Still avoid.

Also asked: Swimming, Walking

Why

Relaxing massages and facials are fine. Avoid saunas, steam rooms and hot tubs that overheat you.

First trimester

Facials and manicures are fine. Skip the steam room, hot tub and sauna.

Second trimester

Same: the treatments are fine, the heat rooms aren't.

Third trimester

Same, lying on your side on the couch.

Why

It's relaxing for your back and legs. Avoid strong pressure on your belly, and go to someone experienced with pregnancy.

First trimester

Most therapists won't massage in the first trimester. A gentle back and shoulder rub at home is fine.

Second trimester

Pregnancy massage from a trained therapist, lying on your side, is fine and helps your back.

Third trimester

Lying on your side only, gentle, and no deep pressure on your calves and ankles. A foot massage is fine.

Why

As your womb gets heavier, lying flat on your back can press on a large vein and make you feel dizzy. Sleeping on your side keeps blood flowing well to you and your baby.

First trimester

Sleep however you're comfortable. There's no restriction yet.

Second trimester

A good time to get used to sleeping on your side. Tuck a pillow behind your back and one between your knees.

Third trimester

The left side is best. If you wake up on your back, just turn over. There's no need to panic.

Also asked: Yoga, Sex During Pregnancy, Lifting Heavy Things

Why

Your baby is well protected by your womb and the fluid around them, so sex won't hurt them. What feels comfortable changes as your bump grows, so change positions as you need to. If your doctor has asked you to avoid sex, follow that for your pregnancy.

First trimester

Safe unless your doctor has said otherwise. Bleeding, a low placenta or a past miscarriage are the usual reasons to pause.

Second trimester

Safe, and often more comfortable than early or late pregnancy. Any position that feels right is right.

Third trimester

Safe until your waters break, unless you've been told otherwise. Lying on your sides is easiest. A little spotting afterwards is common. Bleeding is not, so tell your doctor.

In Indian homes

It's a very common worry, but sex is a normal, healthy part of pregnancy. Your doctor may advise against it only in specific situations, such as bleeding or placenta previa.

Also asked: Walking, Sleeping On Your Back

Why

Your baby is well protected by your womb and the fluid around them. After an orgasm your bump may tighten or feel hard for a little while. That's normal and settles with rest. If your doctor has asked you to avoid sex, for example because of bleeding, a low-lying placenta or a risk of early labour, ask whether that includes orgasm too.

First trimester

Safe unless your doctor has said otherwise. Your desire may rise or fall in these weeks, and both are normal.

Second trimester

Safe. Some women feel more desire now, as more blood flows to the pelvis.

Third trimester

Safe until your waters break, unless you've been told otherwise. Tightenings after orgasm are common. Call your doctor if they keep coming regularly, or if there's bleeding, leaking fluid or pain.

Also asked: Sex During Pregnancy, Meditation, Sleeping On Your Back

Why

Feeding releases a little oxytocin, which can cause mild tightenings, but in a healthy pregnancy this doesn't bring on early labour. Your doctor may ask you to stop if you've had early labour or a miscarriage before, if you're bleeding, or if your placenta is low. Eat and drink a little more, keep taking your pregnancy tablets, and tell your doctor you're still feeding.

First trimester

Sore nipples and a drop in milk are common now. Neither means anything is wrong.

Second trimester

Your supply often falls around now, and the milk may taste different. Some toddlers stop on their own. Either way is fine.

Third trimester

Your milk changes to colostrum in these weeks. If tightenings come regularly while you feed, or you have pain or bleeding, stop and call your doctor.

In Indian homes

Many women in India are still feeding an older child when the next pregnancy begins, and family may say the milk has turned bad for the child. It hasn't. Whether you carry on, wean slowly or feed both after the birth is your choice, made with your doctor.

Also asked: Iron Supplements, Calcium Supplements, Sleeping On Your Back

Why

It eases stress and helps you sleep and feel close to your baby. Practise as often as you like.

Why

Worrying now and then is natural. If you feel anxious all the time, rest, talk to someone and tell your doctor.

First trimester

Nausea, tiredness and worry feed each other. Resting is part of getting better, not laziness.

Second trimester

For most women these are calmer months. If low mood stays, say so at your visit.

Third trimester

Worry about the birth is normal. A birth class and a plan for the day help more than reassurance alone.

Why

Steady food and fluids matter a lot in pregnancy. Some short or partial fasts may be okay for some women. Long or strict fasts are often advised against. It's very individual.

First trimester

If your nausea is bad, fasting can tip you into dehydration and ketones. Most doctors advise against it now.

Second trimester

A healthy woman usually manages short fasts where fluids are allowed. Ask first, and break the fast if you feel faint.

Third trimester

Not advised. Your baby's needs and your fluid needs are highest now.

In Indian homes

For festival vrats, many women keep a fruit-and-milk (phalahar) fast instead of a nirjala one. Please check with your doctor first.

Also asked: Water (how much), Street Food

Why

It cuts the oxygen and nutrients reaching your baby. Stopping at any point helps. Ask for support if you need it.

First trimester

Stopping now gives your baby the most benefit. Ask your doctor about help to quit.

Second trimester

Stopping at any point still helps.

Third trimester

Stopping even now improves your baby's oxygen for birth.

Why

Breathing in other people's smoke is also harmful. Ask people not to smoke around you.

Why

They still contain nicotine and other substances that aren't safe for your baby. If you vape to stay off cigarettes, ask your doctor about help to quit.

Why

Its active substance (THC) crosses the placenta and reaches your baby. It's linked with lower birth weight, and no safe amount is known. CBD oils and gummies haven't been shown to be safe either. If you used some before you knew you were pregnant, stop now and tell your doctor. They hear this often and are there to help, not to judge.

First trimester

Avoid it. If you used it before you knew, stop now and mention it at your next visit.

Second trimester

Avoid it. If it was helping with nausea, pain or sleep, ask your doctor about safer options.

Third trimester

Avoid it. Tell the team caring for you in labour if you've been using it.

In Indian homes

Bhang thandai and bhang pakoras go round at Holi and some weddings. Stick to plain thandai this year, and ask what's in anything you're offered.

Also asked: Smoking, Alcohol, Meditation

Why

Pregnancy hormones often make gums tender and quick to bleed, so cleanings and needed treatment matter. Vomiting and heartburn bring acid into your mouth, which wears your enamel, so rinse with water afterwards and wait a while before you brush. Most procedures are fine, and dental X-rays use a shield and a tiny, focused dose. Cosmetic whitening can wait until after the birth.

First trimester

Cleaning and fillings are fine. Tell your dentist you're pregnant. Work you're choosing, not needing, can wait.

Second trimester

The most comfortable time for any planned dental work.

Third trimester

Routine care is fine. Lying flat for a long time is uncomfortable, so ask for a shorter appointment or to be propped up.

Also asked: X-Ray, Paracetamol (Crocin / Dolo), Antibiotics

Why

Imaging that can wait is usually put off until after pregnancy. When an X-ray is needed, say after an injury, the dose is small and your belly is shielded. Always tell the team you're pregnant.

First trimester

A dental or limb X-ray with a lead apron is a tiny dose. Tell the radiographer you're pregnant. Belly X-rays and CT scans are your doctor's call.

Second trimester

Same: shielded X-rays away from your belly are fine when needed. Ask, and mention the pregnancy.

Third trimester

Same rule to the end. If a belly X-ray is suggested, ask whether an ultrasound could answer the question instead.

Also asked: Dental Treatment, Mosquito Repellent

Why

These devices are sold online to listen to your baby's heartbeat at home. Without training it's easy to pick up your own pulse or the placenta instead, and hearing a heartbeat doesn't mean all is well. Rely on your baby's movements and your doctor's checks. If your baby's movements slow or change, contact your maternity unit straight away, any time, day or night, even if a home device sounds fine.

First trimester

Too early to be useful. Even a doctor's Doppler often can't find the heartbeat before about 12 weeks, which can cause needless fear.

Second trimester

Once you feel your baby move, get to know their pattern. That tells you more than any device.

Third trimester

Your baby's movements are the sign to watch. If they slow or change, call straight away.

Also asked: Meditation, Stress, X-Ray